Participants who meet any of the following criteria are not eligible for this study:

1. Received any of the following treatments:

1. Received neoadjuvant therapy in the past;

2. Previously received any systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for colon cancer;

3. Previously received any radiotherapy for colon cancer;

4. Undergone colon cancer surgery in the past;

2. Previously or concomitantly diagnosed of other malignant tumors (except for adequately treated cervical carcinoma in situ, basal or squamous cell skin cancer);

3. Patients with other histological types rather than adenocarcinoma (such as neuroendocrine carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, etc.);

4. MSI-H/deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) patients;

5. Pathological, clinical, or radiologic evidence of metastatic lesions, including isolated, distant, or discontinuous intra-abdominal metastases;

6. Patients with multiple primary colorectal cancer;

7. Received other parts of open surgery rather than the colon within 14 days prior to the patient's enrollment;

8. Cannot provide surgical tissues for customized personalized MRD testing or fail to customize personalized MRD testing panels.

9. Cannot provide pre-operative blood, POD 3-7 blood, and POD 21-30 for MRD testing.

10. Suffer from other serious diseases that may affect the follow-up and short-term survival according to the judgment of the investigators;

11. Any other medical conditions and social/psychological problems, which make the patient unfit to participate in this study;

12. History of blood transfusion within 2 weeks before surgery or during surgery;

13. Those who cannot afford contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for clinical follow-up;

14. Previously used Chinese patent medicine (CPM) with anti-tumor effect. Those who have used CPM with anti-tumor effect for less than 7 days, and have stopped for over 2 weeks can be enrolled in the study;

15. Have serious or uncontrolled systemic diseases (such as severe mental disease, neurological disease, epilepsy or dementia, unstable or uncompensated respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic or renal diseases, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, evidence of uncontrolled hypertension [greater than or equal to CTCAE grade 3 hypertension despite drug therapy]); patients with dysphagia, active gastrointestinal disease, or other diseases that significantly affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Those who have ever undergone major gastrectomy;

16. Fever and body temperature above 38°C within the past 1 week, or active infection with clinical significance. Active tuberculosis. Active fungal, bacterial, and/or viral infections requiring systemic treatment;

17. Those with active bleeding or new thrombotic disease who are taking therapeutic anticoagulant drugs or have bleeding tendency;

18. Those with severe clinical abnormalities in rhythm, conduction, or morphology on the resting electrocardiogram, such as complete left bundle branch block, second-degree cardiac block, clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia, or atrial fibrillation, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, chronic heart failure with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥ 2;

19. Myocardial infarction, coronary/peripheral artery bypass, or cerebrovascular accident occurred within 3 months;

20. QT interval (QTc) ≥450ms for males and ≥470ms for females in 12-lead electrocardiogram;

21. Presence of risk factors leading to prolongation of the QTc or arrhythmia, such as heart failure, ≥CTCAE (version 4.03) 2nd-degree hypokalemia (2nd-degree hypokalemia is defined as serum potassium < the lower limit -3.0mmol/L, with symptoms need treatment), congenital long QT syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome;

22. Intake of any drug known to prolong the QT interval within 2 weeks before enrollment;

23. Insufficiency of bone marrow reserve or organ function, reaching any of the following laboratory limits (without corrective treatment within 1 week before blood draw for laboratory examination):

1. Absolute neutrophil count <1.5×109/L;

2. Platelet count <90×109/L;

3. Hemoglobin <90 g/L (<9 g/dL);

4. Alanine aminotransferase >3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN);

5. Aspartate aminotransferase>3×ULN

6. Total bilirubin > 1.5×ULN;

7. Creatinine > 1.5×ULN or creatinine clearance rate < 45 mL/min (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula);

8. Serum albumin (ALB) <28 g/L;

24. Female subjects who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy during the study;

25. Other circumstances in which the researchers assess that participants are not fit for this study.