The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Cancer Education on Cancer Information Load, Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Cancer Screenings

Cancer information overload was measured using a thirteen- item battery assessing feelings about the overwhelming quantity of cancer information. Four response options (strongly disagree to strongly agree) were provided for each item (i.e., higher scores for greater overload). Items were crafted based on HINTS questions, an explication of the construct (detailed in the literature review of this article), and formative research conducted by the authors.

The scale consists of 24 items and is unidimensional. It is a five-point Likert scale. The items on the scale are answered on a range from 1 to 5 as follows: "5: Strongly agree, 4: Agree, 3: Neither agree nor disagree, 2: Disagree, 1: Strongly disagree." The scale is suitable for use with men and women aged 30-70 who are at least literate and do not have cognitive, visual, or orthopedic disabilities that would prevent them from answering the scale. The administration method of the scale should be such that the researcher observes the participant, and the participant reads and answers the scale items independently. The scale can be used in any situation where it is necessary to measure attitudes towards cancer screenings, provided that the appropriate sample and administration method are used. The lowest possible score on the scale is 24 and the highest is 120. There is no specific cutoff point for the scale. Scores close to 24 indicat